Industrial Ecology is also known as Natural Capitalism, Systems Thinking, or even Biomimicry. Although the purists would be quick to point out the differences between these, the approach is the same: look at the big picture, and manage a system without creating problems somewhere else. Systems Theory is concerned with the understanding of synergistic complexity (things that are complicated, and manage to help other complicated things out) and the design of systems that produce desirable synergies. This is best summarised in the principles of Natural Capitalism, that Life creates conditions conducive to life:
- Harnessing advanced resource efficiency to create profits by eliminating the need to pay for extraction at one end and pollution at the other
- Eliminating the concept of waste by redesigning industry along biological lines, closing loops in the flows of materials, and not producing persistent toxins - Biomimicry
- Changing the business model to encourage these two shifts by rewarding the provider and the customer for doing more and better with less for longer – Flow of services
- Reversing planetary destruction by restoring natural capital. Any good capitalist reinvests in the capital that is in short supply
- Hawkins P, Lovins AB, Lovins LH, 1999, Natural Capitalism: The Next Industrial Revolution. London: Earthscan Pub.
- Dostal E, Cloete A, Jaros G, 2005, Biomatrix: A systems Approach to Organisational and Societal Change, Cape Town: Mega Digital
- Ehrenfeld JR, 2008, Sustainability by Design: A Subversive Strategy for Transforming our Consumer Culture, London: Yale University Press
- Max-Neef M,2005, Foundations of transdisciplinarity, Ecological Economics, 53 (1), 5-16.





